Diabetes occurs when the body’s ability to react to insulin gets affected. The insulin is your body hormone that allows your blood sugar (glucose) to enter body cells. When too much glucose enters the blood, this leads to the elevated amount of blood glucose, which it can cause glucose spillage towards the urine. This is the primary reason why one of the most classic diabetes symptoms, frequent urination, plagues the patient.

Because elevated glucose level is beyond normal, your body cells are energy-starved and consequently leading to the damage in your nerves, kidneys, eyes, blood vessels and your heart. The increased amount of glucose appears when the sugar of your body falls too low. It then increases production of sugar. This process starts when the pancreas releases the hormone called glucagons. The stored glycogen will be converted back into the glucose by your liver and muscles.

How are diabetes symptoms diagnosed?

Diagnosing diabetes patients may vary, and is based according to the duration and range of the high blood sugar levels. Patients with type 2 diabetes are often diagnosed relatively slowly as compared to people with type 1 diabetes, to which it may take only after weeks or some months. Symptoms may also progress slowly and mildly.

Some of the most specific and common early diabetes symptoms are:

-    Skin irritation and diseases
-    Skin infections
-    Poor skin healing
-    Athlete’s foot
-    Sexual problem
-    Unusual vaginal dryness
-    Erectile failure (to male patients)
-    Premature menopause (to female patients)
-    Absence of menstrual periods
-    Paresthesias
-    Peripheral neuropathy
-    Urinary tract infection
-    Blurry vision
-    Malaise
-    Drowsiness
-    Numbness of the hands
-    Weight loss or weight gain

Other more extreme diabetes symptoms are:

-    Excessive urination
-    Excessive thirstiness
-    Dehydration
-    Weight loss even with an increased appetite
-    Tiredness, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting
-    Excessive hunger
-    More bladder, skin and vaginal infections
-    Serious blurry vision
-    Headache
-    Muscle aches, weakness and cramps
-    Acne
-    Increased sexual problems because of erectile failure for men, and vaginal dryness for women
-    Cessation of menstrual periods

Other diabetes symptoms:

-    Gums are bleeding
-    Unusual noise or buzzing in the ear
-    Feet numbness or tingling
-    Skin itching
-    Diarrhea
-    Confusion
-    Depression

Complications associated to diabetes symptoms:

-    Kidney diseases
-    Diabetic retinopathy
-    Sciatica
-    Heart diseases and
-    Stroke

As those mentioned symptoms might occur at a later time for a patient, the usual situation is delayed scheduling of the check-up. This is not a good idea as complications may increase over time, making it even harder to treat and manage the disease. In this case, it is extremely important to check with the doctor in as early as possible to prevent more damage to the body. Another, it is important to note that diabetes is one of the lifelong diseases, and one that does not infect other people upon contact.

One of the problems associated with recognizing diabetes symptoms is that the Type I version of the disease builds gradually. The first thing you may notice is the tiredness. While precious few of us don’t experience occasional bouts of fatigue, diabetes-related tiredness tends to be more noticeable. For one thing, the tiredness isn’t occasional; it lingers on and on. Even so, it may be very easy to ignore the severity of the fatigue and fail to associate it with diabetes.

Very often, a diabetes patient won’t begin to question his health until subsequent symptoms appear. The extreme fatigue begins to be accompanied by frequent thirst. Not just the usual kind of thirst where you may finish off a 20 ounce bottle in less than an hour, but an unusual thirst where you may go through two or more 20 ounce bottles in an hour.

But even a sudden spike in thirst can often be attributed to something else, such as perhaps the heat. Less likely to be so casually ignored, however, is one of the more extreme diabetes symptoms. Many patients experience feelings of intense hunger while they are losing weight. This is a symptom that is not typical of normalcy. Most people who are not on a diet and who are eating regularly don’t feel continually hungry while also losing weight. At this point, most people who have been ignoring other symptoms sit up and take notice. Additional diabetes symptoms that people tend to take notice of include blurred vision, frequent infections and sores that either take a long time to heal or don’t heal at all.

One of the problems in diagnosing diabetes is that not everybody experiences the same symptoms. Another problem is that symptoms can vary depending on whether you are suffering from Type I or Type II diabetes. Although both types share certain symptoms such as frequent urination, dry mouth and increased thirst, there are other symptoms that are usually unique to each type. For instance, weight loss with continued hunger is primarily associated with Type I. On the other hand, leg pain and yeast infections are common symptoms of Type II.

Jerry J. Jansen

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1) If you find you are excessively thirsty, not just after extreme exercise or hot weather.

2) You seem to constantly have a dry mouth – even if you’ve just had a drink.

3) You find you are having to urinate frequently.

4) You have unexpected weight loss or gain (even though you may be constantly hungry and eating well. Of course you may be eating the wrong things which would probably make your pre-diabetes symptom worse).

5) You feel lethargic.  You always feel as if you’ve got no energy; you are weak and tired all the time.

6) Sometimes your vision is blurry – be careful, untreated eye problems caused through diabetes can lead to blindness. You should have regular eye checks, especially as you get older because your eyes can be the early warning signal for many diseases – not just diabetes.

7) You have cuts or sores or bruises (especially on your feet) that are slow to heal.

If you experience excessive itching or soreness in the genital area or yeast infections (which can be misdiagnosed as thrush) it may be a sign of too much sugar in your urine.

AT RISK FACTORS:

There are different types of diabetes; pre-diabetes, type 1, type 2, gestational and maturity onset.  And, dependent upon your age, lifestyle and family history you may be more susceptible to developing diabetes.

Foe example you may be more prone to developing diabetes if any of these factors apply to you:

• Your family background is African American, American Indian, Asian American, Pacific Islander, or Hispanic American/Latino.
• You have a parent, brother, or sister with diabetes.
• You are aged over 45 and are overweight you might be at risk of diabetes type 2.
• You have had gestational diabetes or have given birth to a baby over 9 pounds in weight.
• You have high blood pressure.
• Your cholesterol levels are not good.

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1)  You are more likely to get nerve damage (neuropathy).  This is because smoking affects your blood circulation and that in turn means your nerve endings are not getting the nutrients they need.  If this happens to the nerves in your feet it could lead to sores and infections and, if not taken care of properly, even amputation.

2)  There is an increased risk – double in fact -of you getting limited mobility in your joints. It’s no fun trying to bend, climb stairs or lift something when you have a painful joint.

3)  Because of smoking you could develop kidney disease.

4)  When you smoke your blood pressure increases.  Increased blood pressure creates a real risk of heart disease.

5)  Research has shown that diabetics who smoke increase, 3-fold, the risk of dying of heart (cardiovascular) disease.

6)  By smoking you increase your blood-sugar levels.  This makes it more difficult to control your diabetes because your glucose levels  could be fluctuating quite dramatically.  This, in turn, leads to other problems.

7)  And it also increases your cholesterol levels, which increases the risk of a heart attack.

In fact smoking – and passive smoking – have a seriously detrimental effect on the ABC’s of diabetes management:

A1C – the measurement of your blood glucose over a 3-month period
B – your blood pressure, which should be below 130/80
C – your cholesterol levels.  Cholesterol levels include LDL, HDL and triglycerides.  Your LDL should be below 100.  HDL levels should be above 40 (for men) and above 50 (for women).  Tryglycerides should be below 150.

And, of course, on top of all that there’s the proven risk of cancer!

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Jerry J. Jansen
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